Simple prepositions

Simple prepositions are short words that we usually use before nouns or pronouns to indicate the relation of the noun to the rest of the phrase or sentence. Moreover, English prepositions form a very large list, over 150 in total, and they can be very tricky to master. The most common prepositions in English are simple prepositions like: at, in, on, by, to, for, until, since, before, after, about, from, with etc.

In this lesson, we will elaborate on simple prepositions of time and place.

Simple prepositions of time: at, in, on, by, until, to, before, since, ago, past and for.

Simple Prepositions Use Case Examples
At Weekends, any clock time (at 16:00), nights. Let’s meet at the weekend.
In Periods of time: day, years, months (in the holidays, vacations). I was born in 1990.
On Days of the week. I caught up with her on Tuesday.
By When someone or something is close to someone or something. The trees are by the river.
Until Marks the beginning or start of something until it ends. We have English lessons from 17:00 until 18:00 every day.
To Strictly for telling the time. I saw him from morning to night.
Before Used to reference a time that was before another time. Before last Saturday I hadn’t known what my task was.
Since To reference a point in time. He’s been living in the United States since 2009.
Ago Used only as a reference to clock time. It’s 15 past 15:00.
For Duration of time, a period of time. Our daughter has been here all her life.

Simple prepositions of place (direction and position): at, in, on, by, from, to, through, across, above, over, under, into, onto, towards and next.

Preposition Use Case Examples
At For any point in space. Meet me at the store.
In Large areas, three-dimensional space (roof and walls). I live in Spain/New York/England/Manchester.
On Surface and ‘attached to’. Their work is on the way to the lake. I have a ring on my finger.
By Used to talk about an action; what we do to get a result. Meaning ‘beside’ someone or something. I was standing by him to keep an eye on him. I broke the window by kicking it
From Used for origin, in the sense of where something or someone originates from Maria is from Paris
To Used for movement and directions. I’m leaving soon to go to our friend’s house. We went to Bali on holiday.
Through For referring to something with limits but can be traversed ‘through’. We left in our car and drove through some hotspots/a tunnel/a cave etc.
Across For indicating another side to something. I live across the road to Jim.
Above Indicates anything that is higher than another thing. The plane flew above our heads.
Over Meaning ‘more than’. My blindfold is over my eyes.
Under Indicates something being lower than another thing or person. Our basement is under the house.
Into ‘On’ equals the surface or the top of a thing or person and ‘to’ equals movement. We fell onto the grass while running.
Towards Indicates ‘movement’ but not precise or direct movement which in that case we’d use ‘to’. Let’s go towards his house.
Next Very similar to ‘by’ in that it means someone or something is beside another person or thing. Harry is sitting next to Kate

Simple prepositions with context and analysis

Simple prepositions are short words that we use before a noun/pronoun to indicate the relationship of the noun to the verb, adjective, or another noun. Simple prepositions are composed mainly of two types; time and place.

  • Hi, my name’s Henry. Nice to meet you.
  • Hello, good to meet you Henry. I’m Jane.
  • What do you do for a living, Jane?
  • Well, I’m a software engineer. I work at1 a software company in
  • That sounds like a very technical type of For how long have you been at2 the company?
  • I’ve been working there since 2009, but by3 next year I plan on moving and working for another company in4 south-east London.
  • Why did you decide to change your job?
  • It’s mainly because the commute5 to6 and from7 work is a real pain8. It takes me about two hours, and I have to commute through a lot of It’s hard work.
  • That’s a pity, but at least you managed to find another job that’s closer to your home now.
  • That’s right, and I only have to wait until9 next year before I can finally change jobs.
  • Best of luck to you.
  • Thanks.

Analysis

  • At: a preposition of place to describe a place (position at a point) where you are. ‘’I’m at Burger King’’. ‘’I work at home’’.
  • At: a company is a place that’s located at a point somewhere, so we use the preposition, at.
  • By: to denote time, that is, by can mean ‘no later than’.
  • In: preposition of place and time. In is being used as a preposition of place meaning ‘in a large area’, such as a city or country. I.e., ‘’He lives in Paris’’.
  • Commute: we use this word in English exclusively for the trip to and from work. ‘’He commutes every day to work, and it takes him twenty-five minutes’’.
  • To: a preposition of place meaning ‘from one place to another place’, and time, for telling the time. I.e., ‘’I work from 21:00 to 23:00 every night’’.
  • From: preposition of place meaning origin. I.e., ‘’I come from Nigeria’’. Also, it’s a preposition of time, I.e., ‘’He works from morning to dusk’’.
  • A real pain: an expression denoting that something or someone is a bother.
  • Until: preposition of time marking the beginning of something until it ends. I.e., ‘’I worked in the centre until 2010’’.

Section review

  • I need to have my homework assignment done by next Tuesday, and I’m not sure If I’m able to finish it on
  • Sure, you can! Stop moaning about it and make time rather than complain.
  • What do you suggest I do then?
  • You need to do it at night, in the morning and on weekdays and weekends. If you do this, you’ll definitely finish your assignment by next Tuesday.
  • You’re right, but I can only really concentrate for about two hours at a time before I get demotivated and tired.
  • Well, If I were you, I would study in parts, that is, from 09:00 to 11:00, 12:00 to 14:00 etc.
  • Good idea. I guess I’m just not looking forward to doing so much work.
  • That’s school you know. You’ve got to do what they ask of you. When you complete it, we’ll go for a drink on
  • Great, I’ll look forward to it.

See also